Factors thought of Confucianism in the Sun

 Factors thought of Confucianism in the Sun Yat-sen Sun Yat-sen's Three People's Principles is a summary of China's modernization theory of a great creation, both from the modern Western ideology and culture, since the absorption of sufficient nutrients, but also China and the world at that time under the experience and lessons from China traditional culture, especially Confucianism draw useful nutrients. Three Principles of Nationalism and the Confucian doctrine of Hua Yi is inherently associated with the civil rights theory and the thought of the people since ancient times in China also has obvious logical inheritance, The Livelihood is longing for the ideal Confucian Harmony. Three Principles of the inheritance of Confucianism has a positive meaning, but also inevitably have some negative impact. Keywords Sun Three People's Principles of Confucianism stand up from the review of China's modernization, Sun Three People's Principles Theory Zhongshan undoubtedly of great historical significance. As some researchers pointed out that, if China had a doctrine. Sun's Three People's Principles clear that the development of modern China, it is to catch up with the West, the development of Chinese capitalism. the development of China's Three Principles of Sun Yat-sen thought that capitalism is the core, however, international and domestic context because at that time , Sun Yat-sen's Three People's Principles in stressed that China must learn from the West, but also more emphasis or exaggerated the crisis within the West think that China is learning from the West, on the capitalist road, but also should and must be prevented In Western society the problem has occurred internally, should and must adhere to the natural position of the Chinese culture to the fine traditions of Chinese culture to make up for the inadequacy of Western culture, out of the way with Researchers at Sun Yat-sen, or self-proclaimed successor to Sun Yat-sen ideological heritage, their ideas about resources Three People's Principles, are particularly emphasized the influence of traditional Chinese thought. The former emphasizes the negative effects of this influence, that the Sun Yat-sen thought process, demonstrated to the reversion from the process of divorce; the latter is the impact of positive publicity, Sun Yat-sen's Three Principles of thought is that the traditional Chinese Confucian thought, especially the continuation and development of Orthodoxy in the 20th century, Confucius and Mencius China's resurrection. One of the most typical of a statement: most valuable crystallization of human spiritual civilization. requires the real liberation of all mankind, we must love the Chinese thought of the inherent moral basis to all scientific culture, are built on top of the moral basis of this love, and then to the world of human get real peace, and the evolution of civilization, but also have real meaning. in thought on the one hand, while Mr. nationalism is the basis for cosmopolitanism. President that China should be of universal brotherhood and national efforts. The purpose of the method of The first step is to restore the inherent moral and cultural Chinese nation, because this an ethical culture is the product of the spirit of our fellow human beings, it is necessary that the spirit of a moral and cultural restoration together to save the nation and the world to him as a basis for a unified is the completion of the Chinese people in the mission of humanity. Modern Western thought and culture since the Chinese society, especially during the formation of Sun Yat-sen to stimulate thinking and induced effect. However, the inner structure of thought from the Sun to see, whether he is for what motive, nor whether he was the impact of Western ideas and culture more deeply, but he leads the way as the 20th century and the forerunner of China, his thought can not but deeply marked by the stigma of traditional Chinese thought. In other words, since he can not escape the ideological background of China's construction of its ideology, then the influence of traditional Chinese thought, the formation of his thought can not refuse it is a choice. thinking of the true source of their own channels may be analyzed as the Sun Yat-sen as: history, Tang Wu, the fact that the revolution has more often than not carry on. in Europe, the seventeenth and eighteenth century, then majestic wave of the revolution in the world, not only democratic country but of course, that is the reason why there are constitutional monarchies, Revolution also has the gift. I of the plan of the Chinese revolution, the doctrine held, the country has inherited the inherent I thought, there are rules to ask the European doctrine, those stories have Wusuo who alone see the Achievements. This we know, Sun is the real source of ideas, including traditional Chinese thought, including the essence of all human civilization is the outcome of the human spirit has been the absorption, transformation and recasting. Sun Yat-sen thought of the ; the background of our intention in this discussion, our interest lies only wish in accordance with the Three Principles of Sun Yat-sen thought, especially the formation of its context and internal structure, to review with the Chinese traditional culture, particularly associated with the Confucian Thought, except that Background of Confucianism during the formation of the Three Principles of the positive meaning, we will pay more attention to the negative significance of Confucianism in order to resolve from the ideological background of the era of Three Principles of the theory of inherent limitations and difficulties and conflicts. 1 nationalism and Hua Yi we know, the Chinese nationalist leader Sun Yat-sen as a banner of the revolution, but also the theoretical system of its Three Principles of the basic starting point and end point, and even to some extent, the political philosophy of nationalism in both the stage of Sun Yat-sen goals, but also its ultimate goal. in his political consciousness, it seems that Chinese people only really completed the task of the nationalist revolution, the establishment of a strong nation-state, it said to the Chinese nation to the world of human contribution. he was talking about Nationalism and cosmopolitanism to the relationship between the repeatedly stressed: . powers for fear that we have this idea, so they give birth to a specious reason, advocates cosmopolitan incite us that the civilized world to progress, the human eye to be great, nationalism is too narrow, too inappropriate, so should promote cosmopolitanism. Today, China's new youth, advocates a new culture, against nationalism, that is, by this reason the temptation. But the truth is not the aggrieved nation should speak. the status of freedom and equality of our nation recover after was concerned only with cosmopolitanism. is obviously a non-practical self-anesthesia. The problem is, this is what exactly the nature of oppression, whether it is a backward nation to conquer the advanced nations, or an advanced civilization to a backward civilization, he argued with the impact of ? In other words, the political philosophy of the National Sun Yat-sen resistance and national liberation, what is the use of an advanced civilization behind the civilization to crush an advanced civilization to impose the yoke of the body, or in a backward form of civilization to resist foreign what the impact of advanced civilization? Clearly, Sun Yat-sen in the previous post in which great changes in domestic and international situation, the political philosophy of Sun Yat-sen's nationalism also have significantly different meaning. For the early period before the Revolution that the nationalist ideology , he mainly targeted against the Manchu rule in China, that is, a relatively advanced civilization to counter the Chinese Manchu relatively backward form of civilization. He later recalled that in the course of the struggle, said: After the Manchus conquered more than two centuries, our fathers were slaves of the Manchus, it is safe practice often, forget the shame. then why are we able to overthrow the Manchu it? is because I understand the nationalist, that he is Han Chinese, the total number of There are four hundred million, during the Ming Dynasty when they were conquered Manchuria, oppression, two hundred years, can not do the owner, always a slave. our fathers do not understand this truth, so singing the praises of the anti-Qing Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty have deep generosity Ze. later on, within the country, not only by the Manchu forces, and by the British, French, German, Russian, American and Japanese all powers of oppression. will have the foresight of the people, invented nationalism, deducing the boundaries of Manchu: l Why is the small number of Manchu ethnic four hundred million people to rule it? rl why the four hundred million oppressed peoples should always be in a position to do what Manchu slave? r this hypothesis is the feeling of injustice will occur very gradually publicity spread across the country, forty million people know it is very flat. ancients said l Outcry Against Injustice r, so the country would make him a draw in this uneven, with great sacrifice full of people away. By the way speaking to, we know that nationalism is for foreigners to fight injustice. If the status of foreigners and Chinese people have grievances, they should reform the Chinese foreign life. designed to Manchu is concerned, because people understand the Manchu country boundaries, know full the status of unfair and Han Chinese, so the launch of the Xinhai Revolution. Later revolution, that is, achieve the purpose of nationalism. dispute, Hua Yi conflict, but deep down in the foreign domination of their dissatisfaction and disgust in China basically is certain that the main content of their nationalism. In other words, if not defeated the Manchu Dynasty, the Central Plains, and if the Chinese this earth or under the rule of the Han people, can we imagine the nationalist Sun Yat-sen in its early stage does not occur. Even Earlier Half of the 19th century view of foreign powers and the fact that ethnic conflicts, Sun Yat-sen's nationalism Manchu conflict is not an inclusive meaning. Sun Yat-sen in the early Manchu nationalism mainly refers to the conflict between the mainly Han Chinese cultural tradition to rule against the Manchu Han, In this regard, Sun Yat-sen's nationalism intellectual resources will not be possible with more modern, while in essence only the traditional Chinese thought, especially the Confucian tradition in Chinese tribes in the continuation and development. according to his own: shows, the knowledge of the ethnic Chinese, have an independent nature and ability to meet with his nation, or peace, peace and quiet, or sex with them learning and assimilation; it does not repair the political and military waste the time of relaxation, although inevitably temporary devastated by his nation and domination, then rates can force victory. view down in Mongolia a hundred years of Chinese domination, the world rate of the first Ming hero finally to recovery of these countries, you know that the domination of Manchuria in China, Chinese people will be finally get rid of it. cover national ideology, the real legacy of my ancestors, not to be the first person outside the fuse also. I of nationalism, especially on the legacy of ancestors who played Everbright; and improvement of its shortcomings, the Manchuria, not to revenge for the things and services in China with them in total equality, this is the nationalism of the various domestic ethnic people. relative with the Han, Manchu rule will be regarded as alien invasion, it is their true inner thoughts. in the modern sense of nationalism, of course, can not ignore the nation's independence and development, of course, not be subject to another nation, if not the nation independence and development, of course, not to mention also the exchange between nations and peaceful coexistence. Manchus took over the Central Plains, the number of people in China because of its proportion of the total population is too small, relatively speaking, because of its culture, after all Central Plains backward, so that when they order a backward nation, the qualifications of small nations ruled a vast territory, large population of the Han nationality, they inevitably have to adopt a number of national discrimination and oppression of the policy. in a certain sense, there between two hundred and sixty years of the Qing Manchu conflict is almost never stopped. But the problem is, when the modern state before the formation of the identity of the Manchu ethnic minority people to Central Plains, not only before the formation of the modern state the result of competition of the national strength and, more importantly, the Manchu people after two hundred years of development, its basic form is relatively independent cultural disintegration, Manchu ethnic consciousness in addition to its outside of the upper nobility, it is said to have been very weak. This had a relatively backward nation for its overall, has been largely assimilated by the Han nationality. It is in such a historical background, the Sun Yat-sen's Three People's Principles in his undue emphasis on the extent of the conflict between the Manchu, in particular to China's recent the original sin of being beaten constantly pushed backward to the Manchu people, and in addition to its revolutionary action to provide a cloak of legitimacy, but it is clear that the Confucian tradition, role. Therefore, in his political logic, only the , recovery my nation. , the purpose of nationalism will be basically completed the task after the Manchu in China, including peaceful coexistence of all ethnic groups, including the common struggle to establish an independent modern country rich and powerful. However, the early years of the 20th century, after all, is not the key to China's problems with the end of Manchu rule, the natural solution. On the contrary, produced by Revolution Although the Government has achieved considerable legitimacy, but because of the international situation has not changed much, the original revolutionaries are accused of guilt and that the Qing government incompetent, in fact, by the revolutionary government after all the inheritance. In other words, China is out of the Manchu rule, the problems the original did not get along with fully resolved, as a unified Chinese nation is still as full of fact As the Qing Dynasty ruled was all powers milestones, nationalism really completed the task yet to be different day. It is in such a historical background, although the Sun Yat-sen was abandoned after the Revolution of nationalism, although from time to time declared that body has become, nationalism, democracy has reached the second purpose of the outline, the next I should be who are anxious, that doctrine is the people's livelihood. nationalism, has been markedly different to their early, not referring to the conflict in all ethnic groups in China, but to China and the relationship between foreign powers. foreign powers a long history of conflict with China, this conflict by its very nature is still is a cultural conflict, but this cultural conflict, ethnic conflict and domestic conflict that is significantly different between the Manchu, the Chinese can no longer use an advanced culture to conquer neighboring peoples assimilate backward culture, in only one form of civilization before the modern resistance to the modern Western form of civilization, therefore, in essence, nationalism at this time also with a markedly different this nationalism. should be recognized that the face of Western powers and China Sun Yat-sen National conflict and cultural conflict, and not simply advocating resistance to the old form of civilization to a new civilization, not to abandon the school stands for the best overall school Yan Westernization, but throughout the analysis to take a critical attitude. For the modern Western civilization strengths as well as conducive to the development of our nation where the future, Sun has always advocated Chinese revolution lessons learned from decades of Sun Yat-sen as the reason for the study of modern China, one of the pioneers to the West, also cover the reasons for this. However, we now have to discuss another issue is that Sun realized that modern Western civilization, despite the rationality and effectiveness, although he was aware of China's future development may be in large part to be Chinese can successfully embark on the road has gone through modern Western. But on the other hand, he confused the internal contradictions in Western society is not easy to overcome, dimly aware of the China to seek out a non-Western-centrism of modern road classic pattern: both the use of the superiority of Western civilization, the Department, and can effectively avoid the ills of Western society, which at once. This is certainly nothing wrong with exploring their own, but we see In addition to the fact that, due to differences between Eastern and Western civilizations are not only two authentic facts, and the existing East and West, after all, the two pillars of world civilization, anti-Western thinking social ills, Sun Yat-sen in China in the first place, on the one hand Modern Western civilization is bound to suspect that the limited role; and on the other hand, is inevitably the future hopes of the ideal society the wisdom inherent in the east of resources. So the late Sun Yat-sen's nationalist ideology it presents the paradox is not easy digestion . Western classical mode of course, does not necessarily apply in the East, on suspicion of the West Classic mode and the limited role of the judge of course also has its own reasonable place. The problem is to determine whether this doubt and must rely on the intellectual resources of Eastern civilization , that the intellectual resources of Eastern civilization can really inadequate digestion and Western classical model? does not appear to obscure these issues today, there were the forerunners of thought really caused no small confusion. Sun said: forty thousand people is not only a very peaceful people, and is very civilized people. recent European popular culture and the preaching of anarchy and communism in China thousands of years ago are our old stuff. such as Huang-Lao political theory, that is anarchy. Liezi said the country Huaxu, l length of its people no monarch, no law, natural only r, is not anarchy? Our new Chinese youth, not too small and sophisticated theory of China's old , we think that these doctrines is the world's top new. knowing Road is the latest in Europe, in China there are thousands of years. The former Russian did, in fact, not purely communist, not a Marxist. Marxism is not a true communist doctrine, Proudhon, Ba Guning argues, is the true communism. Communism is only in foreign words, has not been fully implemented in China, Hong times they had practiced. Hong economic system of the line, is the fact that communism , not words. The reason why driving in Europe almost on top of our China, not political philosophy, is entirely material. Classic mode on suspicion of the West and modernization with Chinese characteristics to explore, but is in fact in a backward form of civilization to an advanced form of civilization against the edification and impact, showing a strong, narrow nationalist tendencies. the further development of this tendency is all the old China are good, to be inherent in the old moral recover. With the inherent morality, and inherent national status before they can figure restored. So we see clearly that if the Sun Yat-sen's nationalism persist in the end, that is, Confucian ethics with modern science and technology in Europe and America, . hh thousands of years, Chinese people have a good foundation and culture, so foreigners to learn, no matter what can be learn. with our abilities, it can learn the strengths of foreigners. foreigners strengths in science . cultural superiority of the modern extension and development, with specific Chinese people, a strong national feeling. 2, Democracy and the thought of the people in if Confucianism, the negative effects of the process is quite clear, then, Confucianism in ancient legend, the people of the civil rights consciousness in the Sun during the formation of complex, multi-role will have both its positive effects, also has its negative effects. in accordance with the Sun Zhongshan's self-assessment of his civil rights ideology, there are two main sources of sources: First, China's ancient Confucian thought, one European and American theory and practice of democratic countries. He said: bowed to, Tangwu of the revolution, its down for the doctrine of those so-called l-day, as the self-FTV, days to listen to themselves the people to listen to r; a so-called l News punish Kazuo Zhou, did not hear Regicide r; the so-called l the public for your the king This can not be said for the light r. carry no Civil Rights. However, there are no thoughts of their system, so the founding of the system to the people they can not get financing in the U.S. and Europe. European and American countries have democratic constitutional persons, it were the constitutional monarchy, its in democratic constitutional carry on regardless; that the constitutional monarchy, is also a civil rights back up into the results of monarchical power, but the absolute monarch of the ear remains still unknown shovel. Yu in the revolution, non-democratic is not that China, for three reasons: knows is the people are the foundation, the equality within a country, the existence of monarchy where there is room for rehabilitation, and those who made this self-management also. Manchu of income, according to the Chinese, the Chinese nation in the conquest of the status of the country the pain of death, two hundred and sixty years as one day, so people without constitutional monarchy the monarch in his deep and the feelings of ill persons, or temporary security still a moment, it certainly could not do in China, in terms of this custom are also historical facts. Chinese history of revolution, so the extension of its chaotic time those chosen by the desire for the monarchy since, relative to competing then not have been won. line system of democracy, since the dispute must, in this building from the future in terms of those also. have these three, so I of Democracy, the first decision maker for democracy, while the second is that the democratic dictatorship of the decision will be not feasible, then you can map the constitutional rule must be. point remains on the Confucian ideology of their civil rights on the formation. Confucian thought the people of this factor, indeed as long as Sun Yat-sen by the analysis of the Confucian scholars of the humanities is far step concerns the orthodox thinkers of other nations and official scholars. but also from a combination of academic and political perspective, at least after the Emperor Only Confucianism, Confucianism has become the official ideology of Imperial, Confucian scholars justifiably become an official scholar. It is in such a historical background, Confucian thought of the people, democracy, factors, and not much loss and weakened, then, why the Han Dynasty two thousand years after the traditional Chinese society can neither establish a democratic constitutional political system, they can not establish a constitutional monarchy political system? in particular is to be pressed further, even to the turn of the Ming and Qing Dynasties victims, Jun just carry on world peace were derived, King and also Construction of China's democratic political system, China is still the old track continued to operate the more than 300 years, only to the Revolution by means of violence, the first time off the totalitarian political symbol of the emperor, but after the fact that China's political development is also show off the emperor does not mean the inevitable establishment of democratic political systems, sometimes without the title of the emperor emperor brought to Chinese society and political consequences of totalitarian sense of the word than those of the emperor but also much more serious. so that we Of course not intended to deny the Revolution in the process of democratic political development of China's great, and we ask that the only reason why it is the Confucian thought of the people since two thousand years of Chinese traditional society can not promote the establishment of China's democratic political system, So, with that already lag behind Sun Yat-sen, and advanced thinkers have been dismissed as incompatible with modern life seriously, how can the Confucian intellectual resources to establish a truly modern democracy? Sun if you can not make a persuasive explanation for this, So how can we expect we really believe it? It is not only concerning a right understanding of Confucian thought, and touches so much of the substantive content of Sun Yat-sen Democracy. to the Confucian thought of the people, the Sun Yat-sen the value and continuous interpretation of those principles, not the modern Western democratic ideas in the idea of sovereignty in the people, but the traditional Confucianism ; China dawn of history, never practiced civil rights, is that China (after the Revolution) to ten years have not practiced civil rights. but our history, after four thousand years, of which there are arbitrary rule, all with monarchical power. in the end scepter is good or harmful for China do? China suffered the impact of monarchical power, can be said that interest has been mixed. but according to the Chinese people's intelligence is concerned, if the application of civil rights, more or much more appropriate. Therefore, two thousand years ago Confucius, Mencius would advocate civil rights. Confucius said: l road trip also, Tianxiaweigong r. civil rights advocate is one world. and adhere Yao and Shun l r, is not a home because of Yao and Shun the world. Yao and Shun politics, name Although the throne is, in fact, the line civil rights, so Confucius always Zongyang them. Mencius said: l The people are expensive, boat followed, the king of light. r said: l days as the self-FTV, days to listen to the people themselves Listen. r said: l Kazuo Zhou Wen punish men, and did not hear too regicide. r At that time he has been known monarchs do not have to, and already know the monarch must not be long, so they determine the benefit of those people l monarch called r, that is no way of oppressive autocrat known as l r, we should go against him. Thus, the Chinese people for the civil rights views, two thousand years ago, has already thought of. ] This is the Sun of Confucian thought in the understanding and interpretation. Obviously, if the idea is that the modern civil rights of these supporting words of Confucius and Mencius revealed the contents of the phrase, then we can say that their civil rights to the emperor, but also than to the emperor and monarch like Yao and Shun, with their enlightened and security, may be greater than those of us mortal beings themselves to better determine their own destiny, we can safely enjoy the mighty infinite royal, bathed in the enlightened monarch tyranny, what need is what democracy and freedom? fact is true. As Sun overly exaggerated Confucian thought of the modern sense, and thus to a certain extent can be said that his understanding of modern democracy is a very one-sided of. the one hand, he does not recognize the universal principles of democracy and the basic premise that freedom and independence of individual life, showing a national standard, national-based mindset; the other hand, he just tends to FTV, days to listen to the people themselves to listen to Confucian estimated the true development of Chinese history, perhaps due to the modernization process of China Sun Yat-sen in view of the practical problems, word, Sun Yat-sen do not think that the freedom of the individual life is the proper development of democratic politics and the inevitable meaning of the content, or even extreme believes that the Chinese people the freedom of individual life is not less, but more, the inevitable choice in China is not democratic development of personal freedom, but for national prosperity and power, this way, democracy is not to the people of China to provide greater free space, but to the people of the cake tame excel curried goat. He said: no power to resist, to get poor people to make wealth, the people will be affected by the pain of poverty. , but rather seek to national prosperity, very much like a rich doctrine. hh So the Chinese people now suffer illness, not lack of freedom, if a piece of loose sand is human nature, the freedom of the Chinese people long ago is very adequate. But the Chinese people had no freedom of r the term l , so there is no such thought. But the Chinese do not have this thought, and politics have to do it? in the end the Chinese have no freedom? We get a loose sand to study the facts, we know that the Chinese have a lot of freedom, because freedom is too more, so we will not pay attention to ignore, and even regardless of the term. , then what is democracy? If our inference is good enough, then it is bound to become political in the Confucian tradition feed and clothe the people, is the largest benevolent, is the most basic of human rights or democracy. Obviously, this is rarely the principles of modern democratic politics, at least, all is still the traditional Confucian benevolent politics. As for the Chinese people do not need to democracy and freedom, then people do not have to have awareness of what is sovereignty of the people, all those liberal politicians allow pleasure, all waiting for politicians who favor liberal or a strange phenomenon is that, regardless of the subjective purpose of those politicians how they approach one of the most usual opinion is that rape, of course, representative of the interests of the people consider themselves. As a result, elected politicians, not the people out and removal at any time public servants, but the people's interests, democratic rights and the person in charge; not the people to choose their power of democracy, but they are the people decide. Ever since, they evolved into an enlightened despotism is a good politician, politicians, or bad reduced to a political oligarchy or dictator. Therefore, the Chinese for centuries the history of democratic politics is sufficient that, if not discarded Confucian thought of the people in the plausible, if not to establish the basic concepts of modern democracy, we will continue in traditional Chinese lingered on the political track and explore. 3, Livelihood and social ideal when Sun tried in the civil rights respected talking about Big One, but rather whether the People's Livelihood to be achieved. Shortly after his victory in the Revolution, said: doctrine; Third, the People's Livelihood. Today the Qing abdication, the Republic of China was established, national, civil rights doctrine both to reach the two, only the People's Livelihood has not been attacked in the future when I have committed to that in the matter. , said more than 20 years after the Revolution of Sun Yat-sen in the sought-after, except for specific interference with the political conflict, the major is ...